Explosion engine



Jan. 25, 1944. J, T, FEEEY 2,339,848

EXPLOSION ENGINE Filed April ,29, 1942 2 sheets-sheet 1 Jac/f 2752072@ "1 Jan. 25, 1944. Y J, T FEENEY EXPLOSION ENGINE Filed April 29, 1942 7 av I.

INVENTORJ--` Jac/affam,

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented `an. 25, 1944 UNITED STATES yagresor OFFICE EXPLOSION Encima ,J ack f1'.v Feeney, Chicago, Application April'ac, 1942, serial Noa-441,017

13Clams. A(01.4123-4-62) v'Ihe invention relates in general 'to explosion 4engines and has more particular reference to internal combustion engines 'embodying cylinder means and a reciprocating piston wherein the piston receives a `power impulse during each stroke of its reciprocating movement;

An important objectl of :the present vllvention is to provide an internal combustion engine 'having a reciprocating piston and cylinder means forming combustion chambers on opposite sides of the piston, including pump means drvingly .connected with the piston and actuated by piston movement lto provide gas under pressure or delivery to `the combustion chambers in timed relationship with piston movement; a further .ob- .lect vbeing to provide a pressure differential lvalve means controlling the iiow of uidfrom the p ump means to the combustion chambers; a further object Abeing to provide pump means having a predetermined displacement in excess of the Adisplacement of the piston of the engine, whereby to :deliver compressed gas in excess quantities in said chambers; yet another object being to provide means for accurately regulating the quantity of gas so delivered in the combustionchambers.

Another important object of theinvention is .to provide means for delivering a measuredquanltit-,y of gas under lpressure to `the ,combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine.

Another important object is ,to provide improved means for delivering carburetedfuel to the Acombustion chamber of an internal combustion eneine.

KStill another important object is to provide .a

double acting internal .combustion engine `having a. reciprocating piston and cylinder means forming combustion chambers on oppositefsides of the piston, in combination with a double acting compressor connected with the Vpiston :and having a .displacement slightly larger than that of the pis- -e'filciency, and to provide-an engine having easy tion vwill be fully understood ffromthe following description, which, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment' of the invention.

Referring-tothe drawings: 1

Figure 1 4is a sectional view taken through an internal .combustion engine embodying my presentinvention vas arranged for carbureted `fuel operation;

Figures2 and Bare-sectional views taken substantially along the vlines `2--2 :and 3 3, respec- "tively, in Figure 1';

Figure 4 is an elevational view of the lower portion-of the engine shown in Fig. 1.

Figure v-5 shows the engine-as arranged for in- ;jected fuel operation;

Figures -jand "Iare sectionalviews taken substantiallyon-thelines 6-6 and I'l,l respectively, `in Figure 5'; and

Figure 8-isa sectional view taken substantially :along the'line 8 8 in Figure '7.

'To villustrate my invention,v 'I have shown von xthe drawings an internal combustion engine I I lcomprising v'casing means Vforming an engine cylinder -I`3,-a' compressor cylinder I5, and a cylin- -der crank -case I1, preferably in coaxial alignment-and in end toen'dlrelationship. In Figures 1-4`the engineis ushown as arranged for operation on carbureted fuel, while in Figures 5-8 the engine-is shown arranged for operation by fuel injection.

Within the `cylinder forming portion I3 of the casing, avpiston I9is assembledior reciprocatingmovement. `The casing portion I3 is vprov1ded rwith power cylinder heads l23 and 25 at Yits opposite ends, 'thereby forming combustion spacesf2l'and2-2 on opposite sides of the piston.

'The Vcasing portion "I 3 is provided, also, withjan exhaust-port 2-1 A Qpeningthrough the side Walls of thepower cylinder midway between the heads A2'3 and'25. The` piston underithe driving'implllse of explosive combustion of fue1 alternately in 'the 'Chamber-Sil and 122, .is caused torecprocate between the heads Band 25 within the ycasing portion 4I3 past the kerliauistport 21, thus com munilatng the sameialternately with the chamfliers `2 l Y and '.22 inn #the deliveryv of exhaust' gases from the chambers'throughthe port'v 21 'at the ment, is shown as a crank shaft having a throw or crank 33 drivingly connected with the piston through a connecting rod 35, so that reciprocating movement imparted to the piston by explosive 'forces made effective in the combustion chambers 2| and 22 may be applied to turn the shaft 3|.

to the crank case portion I1 in any suitable fashion, as by means of the holding bolts"39`.

As shown, the connectingnrod 3,5is=secured by means of a wrist pin 4| to a reciprocating x head 43 which is slidingly supported within the crank case; and the head 43 is connected with the piston I9 through stem means 45 extending throughand slidingly supported by the cylinder head 25. n The cylinder and piston I9 thus, in Vboth embodiments, constitute an internal combustion-engine in which power isfdelivered toV move the piston in one direction bythe explosive combustion of fuel in thechamber ZI, and to movethe piston in the opposite direction by the explosive combustion of fuel in the chamber 22, ignition' of the fuel taking place alternately in the chambers 2| and 22 so that the piston receives a-power impulse at the commencement ofand during each piston stroke. Ignition of fuel in .the vcl'iambers 2| and 22 may be accomplished by means of spark plug or otherzigniting devices 41 .and 49, which may be mounted, respectively, in the cylinder head 23 and inthe Vcasing portion I3 adjacent the cylinder head 25.

An important object of the present invention is to provide simplified pump means for delivering measured excess quantities of gas to; the combustion chambers 2| and` 22 at the instant when piston movement in the powereylinderV opens thel exhaust port 21, to fthus'effectively scavenge o r blow out spent or exhaust gases. The embodiment illustrated in Figures 1A comprises an engine designedl for operation using carbureted fuel, the fuel being delivered tothe chambers in the form of a gas mixtureof fuel carburized with air, and I provide means for delivering a measured quantityof carburized fuel alternately to each of the chambers 2| and` 22 as the exhaust port is opened at the end of the The shaft 3| is suitably journaled in bear-,p ings formed in the crank case, the lower end "of which is closed by means of a pan 31 ,secured presser cylinder and connected to the piston stem 45.- The compressor cylinder may be conveniently formed by securing the casing portion I5 at one end directly to the head member 25, whereby said member forms a head not only for the engine cylinder, but also for the compressor as well. The other end of the casing portion I5 is provided with a head 53 and the compressor piston 5I is provided with a stem 55 which extends slidingly through the head 53 and is fastened on the head 43 in the crank case. The stem 45 of the engine piston extends through the cylinder head and is secured to the com- I: tpressor piston 5| in axial alignment with the stenii55 whereby the piston I9 of the engine, Vthe piston 5'I of the compressor and the head f 43- are rigidly interconnected by the stems 45 power stroke to thus ll the chamber with carbureted fuel ready for compression and to sweep out all exhaust gases.

In Figures 5, 6, 1 and 8 is; shown an engine designed for operation by fuel injection directly into the combustion space during the compression stroke of the piston, and in the Vfuelin jection engine I use the same simplified pump means to delivered measured quantities of -air .under pressure through the corr'ibustionV cham-` bers for cooling and scavenging purposes and to ll the chambers with fresh air ready for compression and fuel'injection, To this end the engine, whether designedforcarburetor operation o'r for fuel injection operation, comprises a compressor which is preferably connected directly with the piston, said compressor, in theillus- "trated embodiment, comprising the'casing por- 'tion I5 formingthe cylinderof the compressor fand a vision' 5| .redevable Wittig me 9em- ,ze gas.wiu'-beii91ueregef9lileembisfieilieeehe f and 55 and, through the connecting rod 35, to

the shaft 3|.

It will be noted that the stroke of the piston I9 is identical to the stroke of the piston 5I, but

that' the area of the piston I9 isl somewhat less than the area of the piston 5I. rIlhe piston 5I .and

its enclosing cylinder 5Iv thus forms a double acting compressor having pumping chambers on opposite sides of the piston 5I. 'One side of the vcompressor is connected by meansof portsl 51 in the head 25 with the combustion chamber 22.

The other side of thee-compressor is connected through suitable conduit means with the combustion chamber 2 I, said conduit means including a duct 58 in the head 53'and opening intothe compressor cylinder, a duct 59 in the head 23 and opening vinto the combustion chamber 2 I, and a.

pipe 60 interconnecting the ducts 58 and 5 9.v As

lthe'pistons I9 and'5l move in one directiongthe 'pressure developed therein by the ignition and .combustion of fuel therein during the power stroke of the piston. The pressure in the power =chamber during the initial portions of the power stroke. of the piston is so high as to prevent delivery. of gas fromI the compressor pump into the combustionchamber until the piston uncovers the exhaust port 21.

In :order to-prevent explosive pressures in the combustion chambers from backing into the `compressor through the ports 51 and the duct means 59,',said ports and duct means are provided with pressure differential valves 6I and 63, said valves 4opening toward the chambers 2| and 22 and away from the compressor,v and being spring loaded to maintain the same normally in closed position. :As the piston completes its power stroke under the forces liberated by gaseous combustion in one of the chambers, it willuncover. thegexhaust port to .allow the exhaust gases to escape -from vsuch chamber. As soon as the piston un- :covers the exhaust port 21, pressure in ,thecombustionchamber thus connected withjthe exhaust port is immediately reduced to the pressure, usually atmospheric, which prevails at said port,

VVthereby allowing the inlet valves connected with :such combustion chamber to openyunde` thepres- `sure .that has been developed in the compressor `due tomovement of the piston. 5I, Consequently,

as soon as the outletport 21 Yisuopened orf-lung coveredby the piston, ameasuredquantit of ber and will vsweep. out all exhaust gasesfltherein at the vsame time rvfilling the chamber with a measured quantity 'offresh carburized fuel 4where the engine is in operation with a carburetor, or fresh air where operating as-a'fuel injected engine. yImmediately thereafter the piston -will reach the end-of its stroke. At that instant combustionof compressed fuel is initiated in 'the other chamber to 'force the pistonin theopposite direction, promptly closing vthe `exhaust port and compressing the fresh gases in the chamber vready for ignition when the ypiston reaches 'the limit of its stroke inthe opposite direction.

The foregoing ycycle takes yplace alternately on opposite sides-of the piston whereby -the engine .receives a power impulse at the beginning of and during each stroke, thepower impulse being delivered by combustion-of -fuelalternately ln the 'chambers 2| and 22.

:It will be noted tnat the compressor, because of the larger displacement of its piston, will force an -eXcess 4quantity kof gas into the Vcombustion Achambers .2| and 22, thus vensuringV complete scavenging of Iexhaust gases from 'the combustion chambers through the outlet port 21, and the engines of my present invention are designed so vthat the compressor will deliver `exact measured charges of carburized fuel to the combustion chambers to cause complete scavenging.

Carburized fuel may be delivered, for compression by the piston 5|,fthroug'h a carburetor E5 of any suitable or preferred character. As shown `in Figures 1 4, however, I prefer to `utilize a carburetor comprising a shell 61 having an air intake manifold 69 communicating with a fuel mixing chamber 1B and fitted with a control valve 1I between the air inlet 'and the mixing chamber. The fuel jet 13 is `provided in position opening into the mixing chamber 19 inwardly of the con- .trol valve 1|. The mixing chamber 1l) communicates through duct means with one side of the compressor and through duct rmeans 11 leading to the other side of the compressor. I provide distributor means in the form of a rotating valve 14 driven by the piston through the shaft 9|. The valve is located in position interposed between the mixing chamber and the duct means 15 and 15. The valve M operates to deliver carburized fuel alternately to the opposite sides of ythe compressor through the duct' means .15 and 16 which areconnected, through.suitableiconduit pipes 11 and 18, respectively, to the inlet ports 19 and 8| formed radially in the .heads .2.5 and 53 in communication with thecompressor cylinder on opposite sides of the piston 5I.

The distributor valve 14 is operated in Vtimed relationship with the movement of the pistons I9 and 5| whereby, as the piston of the .com-

pressor is moving to discharge `carburized Lfuel from one of the compression chambers, the inlet duct connected thereto will be closed by the valve 14, while the other side of ,the compressor will operate as-a 'suctionpumpto drawA carburized fuel into the compressor, .from the carburetor through the open valve V14|,iiri position to be rdelivered thence during the succeeding stroke of .the piston 5| into the other combustion chamber. The distributor means 1d thus operates to'close the duct 'means 15 and 11, respectively, during the compressive movement .of the pistonl inthe pump chambers -with which said ducts connect.

As shown Vin Figures l5--8, the engine `is provided withmeans for injecting fuel `directly'into the. combustion chambers 2| Aand `22 when .the

.piston I-Sis at or `near, the Ytop o'fitsccmpression 1 CII Vstrokes in the chambers. 'To `thisend, fuel .in-

jectors 83 are mounted, preferably 'in .the casing member I3, near theheads 23 fand 25 in position to deliver .fuel inthe 'chambers 2| :and .22` These vinjectors are connected through l.suitable 'rcon- 'ductor pipes 85, each -with a fuel pump 81 comprising 'aplunger operated by a `rotating cam 99 on the shaft '3L Each of the pumps 81 include :a casing forming a pump chamber Y9| in which .the'plunger 81 reciprocatesysaid chamber being connected through a check valve 93 with a source ofi fuel supply and being connected also, `through a pipe 85, with one ofthe injectors 83.

The engine may be designed for high com.- pression operation Vas a fuel Iinjected engine of `the Diesel `type in which ignition .is accomplished in timed relationship with the movement ofthe piston |9, so as to spray a predetermined quantity of fuel directly into the chambers 2| and v22 'when the piston I9 is at or approaching `the end of its compressionstrokes therein.

Where the engine is arranged for operation by fuel injection, the compressor is connected to deliver .air through the ports l51 and the duct'59 into the combustion chambers when Iopened to the exhaust port 21 as hereto-fore described. To this end the compressor inlet ports 19 and 8| may be provided merely with one way valves permitting a fi'ow of air therethrough in one direcu tion into the pump chambers on opposite sides of the piston 5|. I prefer, howevento connect the Vports 19 and 8| with an air delivery structure 95 similar to the carburetor 65 insofar as the yair induction features of the same are concerned, the difference between the carburetor -and the air induction device being that the carburetor includes the fuel jet 13 which is omitted from the device 95. The induction device thus comprises the shell |51 forming an air intake manifold 59 fitted with a control valve or throttle 1| and communicating through duct means 15 and 16 with the pump chambers. The device 95 inculdes the rotating distributor valve 14 driven by the piston I9 through the shaft 3| and `.located between the air inlet manifold and the ducts 15 and 1G, said valve 14 being opreable to deliver air alternately to the opposite sides of the compressor through the duct means 15 and 16 which are connected by the pipes 11 and 18, respectively, with the inlet ports 19 and 8|; and it will be noted that as air is delivered to one side of the piston r5| kthrough the valve r1I!.,.reverse flow of air from the other side of the piston 5| through the air inlet port will be prevented by the valve 14, which at such time seals the inlet port to such other side of the piston 5|. It will benoted that the injector pumps 81 may be built into the frame means forming the air delivery device 95 to provide a combined air delivery and fuel pump structure.

It will be noted also that in both embodiments the delivery of gas through the compressor and into the combustion chambers 2| and 22 vmay be 'controlled or throttled by the operation of the tvalve 1| to cut down the air delivered through the valve 11i to the compressor pump. Throttling fin kthis manner :places a slight load on the4 comclosed to accomplish full unthrottled operation,

orprogressively opened in order to accomplish any desired degree of throttling. This bypass connection may conveniently be applied between thepipes 11 and 18 or between the ducts 15 and 16.

Suitable provision may be made for lubricating the several working parts of the engine along conventional lines, as by providing for the delivery of lubricating oil from a suitable oil pump driven by the shaft 3| through pipes and ducts formed in the crank shaft 3|, connecting rod 35, the stems 45 and 55, and in the walls |3, |5 and Il, in order to deliver lubricating oil to the working surfaces of the piston I9, the plunger 5|, the stems 45 and 55, the valves 6| and 63, the head 43 and the crank shaft and connecting rod bearings. l

It is thought that the invention and its numerous attendant advantages will be fully understood from the foregoing description, and it is obvious that numerous changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the several parts without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, or sacriiicing any of its attendant advantages, the form herein disclosed being a preferred embodiment for the purpose of illustrating the invention.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston, a head at each end of said cylinder enclosing a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, said heads being formed each with an inlet port to the combustion chamber enclosed thereby, a compressor pump drivingly connected to the piston externally thereof, and duct means connecting the compressor pump with the port in each head whereby to deliver gas from the compressor to said chambers.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means; forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston, a head at each end of said cylinder enclosing a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, said heads being formed each with an inlet port opening upon the combustion chamber enclosed thereby, said piston being connected to a stem extending through the head at one end of the cylinder, a compressor pump drivingly connected to said stem, and duct means connecting the pump with a port in each head.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising casing means forming a power cylinder and a pump cylinder in coaxial alignment and in abutting end to end relationship, means forming a common head between the abutting ends of said cylinders, a power cylinder head and a pump cylinder head, respectively, at the ends of said power and pump cylinders remote from said common head, a reciprocating piston in said power ,cylinder forming a pump chamber in said pump cylinder between -the plungerv and the common' head, and another pump chamber between the plunger and said pump cylinder head, a stem extending through and slidingly fitted in an opening in said common head, said stem drivingly connecting said piston and plunger, said head being formed with a duct therein connecting said pump and combustion chambers which are adjacent and on opposite sides of said common head, means, forming a conduit connecting said other pump chamber with said other combustion chamber through said power cylinder head, and one-way valve means in said duct and in said conduit and opening towards said combustion chambers for controlling the ow of gas through said duct and conduit, respectively, in one direction only from the compressor to said combustion chambers.

4. An internal combustion engine Vas set forth in claim 3, wherein said common head is `formed with a gas inlet duct therein opening outwardly of said casing means and communicating with one of said pump chambers, and said pump cylinder head has a gas inlet duct therein opening outwardly of said casing means and communicating with the other of said pump chambers.

5. An internal combustion engine as set forth in claim 3, wherein said common head is formed with a gas inlet duct therein opening outwardly of said casing means and communicating with one of said pump chambers, and said pump cylinder head has a gas inlet duct therein opening outwardly of said casing means and communicating with the other of said pump chambers, and valved gas delivery means connected with said gas inlet ducts.

6. An internalcombustion engine as set forth `in claim 3, wherein said common head is formed ,of said casing means and communicating with one of said pump chambers, and said pump cylinvder head has a gas inlet duct therein opening outwardly of said casing means and communicating with the other of said pump chambers, and valved gas delivery means operable in timed relation with the reciprocating movement of said plunger to admit gas alternately to said gas inlet ducts during successive strokes of said plunger.

'7. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and forming a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump comprising a pump cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in said pump cylinder and drivingly connected with said piston, the pump cylinder forming a pump chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the plunger, means forming ducts connecting each of the pump chambers with a separate one of the combustion chambers, and gas inlet means connected to said pump chambers, said gas inlet means comprising a rotary distributor valve driven by said piston and operable alternately to open and close the gas inlet means to each pump chamber, the gas inlet means being open to one pump chamber while closed to the other.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and forming a comlbustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump comprisying a pump cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in said pump cylinder and drivingly connected with said piston, the pump cylinder forming a. pump ,chamber therein at each of the opposed ends ot the plunger, means forming ducts connecting each of the pump chambers with a separate one of the combustion chambers, gas inlet means connected to said pump chambers, said gas inlet means comprising a, rotary distributor valve driven by said piston and operable alternately to open and close the gas inlet means to each pump chamber, the gas inlet means being open to one pump chamber while closed to the other, and a carburetor connected to deliver a mixture of air and fuel through said valve to said pump chambers.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and forming a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump comprising a pump cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in said pump cylinder and drivingly connected with said piston, the pump cylinder forming a pump chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the plunger, means forming ducts connecting each of the pump` chambers with a separate one of the combustion chambers, gas inlet means connected to said pump chambers, said gas inlet means comprising a rotary distributor valve driven by said piston and operable alternately to open and close the gas inlet means to each pump chamber, the gas inlet means being open to one pump chamber while closed to the other, and a carburetor connected to deliver a mixture of air and fuel through said valve to said pump chambers, including controllable throttle means for regulating the delivery of fuel through said compressor to said combustion chambers.

10. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and forming a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump comprising a pump cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in said pump cylinder and drivingly connected with said piston, the pump cylinder forming a pump chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the plunger, means forming ducts connecting each of the pump chambers with each of the combustion chambers, and means operated in timed relation with piston movement in said 11. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and dening a combustion chamber at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump drivingly connected to said piston, means forming ducts connecting the compressor pump with each of said combustion chambers, the displacement of said pump during a reciprocating cycle of the piston being suiiicient to deliver a volume of gas to said chambers in excess of the volume displaced by the movement of the piston in both chambers, and throttle means for controlling the amount of gas delivered in said chambers during a reciprocating piston cycle.

12. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston and forming a combustion chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the piston, a compressor pump comprising a pump cylinder, a plunger reciprocable in said pump cylinder and drivingly connected with said piston, the pump cylinder forming a pump chamber therein at each of the opposed ends of the plunger, means forming ducts connecting each of the pump chambers with each of the combustion chambers, and throttle means for controlling the amount of gas delivered from said pump chambers into said combustion chambers comprising a bypass connection controlled by a regulating valve connected between said pump chambers.

13. An internal combustion engine comprising a reciprocating piston, means forming a power cylinder enclosing said piston, a head at each end of said cylinder enclosing a combustion chamber therein at each oi the opposed ends of the piston, said heads being formed each with an inlet port to the combustion chamber enclosed thereby, a compressor pump drivingly connected to the piston and arranged to operate externally thereof, and duct means connecting the compressor pump with the port in each head whereby to deliver gas from the compressor to said chambers.

JACK T. FEENEY. 

